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The Blitzkrieg is defined as a lightening war which is often centered on light tanks, foot soldiers and aerial attacks. The main function of the Blitzkrieg was to quickly attack the enemy and eliminate them before they had the opportunity to gain reinforcements. Often, the mobility of the tanks was used to the Germans advantage in quickly storming the enemy and not allowing them to mobilize and also to remobilize (Addington 1971). It was fast, lethal and that's why the Germans used it. Through this research paper, on the Blitzkrieg, I will explain in profound detail what the Blitzkrieg is and also, how it was used in the invasion of Poland. Also, I will mainly talk about the use of the Blitzkrieg during the invasion of Poland and explain how the Blitzkrieg tactic was used to take over Poland.
According to Addington (1971), After World War I, the Germans tried to comprehend the reason they had lost the First World War. The Germans believed that they failed in World War One because they could not take over France quickly and decisively and they believed that this was caused by three main reasons. (Addington 1971 p.29) "1) the failure to interfere with French mobilization, 2) the failure to prevent French Redeployment; and 3) The failure to recognize the limits on foot-bound and horse drawn armies for carrying out encirclement manoeuvres."As mentioned in the book, the main barrier to finding a solution for these three problems was the Treaty of Versailles. It did not allow the Germans to have a large army, but that was acceptable since the strategy that the Germans wanted to adopt was centered on speed and mobility where as a large army could not have those two qualities. (Addington 1971 p.30) "the Germans experiences in 1914 and 1918 had proved that an effective regular army must meet three demands: Higher mobility, a system strengthened by increased motorization which was capable of continuous replacement of men; and a greater degree of independence from the civilian reserves so that the army might mobilize more quickly and strike before the enemy's nation in arms could mobilize." The Germans also had the initiative of complementing the ground divisions with the help of the Luftwaffe which was the German air force. It is said that the Luftwaffe had four major objectives which were air superiority, strategic air operation, interdiction of the battlefield and support to the ground troops (Addington 1970 p.43) Unlike regular air forces the Luftwaffe did not want to simply bomb the enemy's industries or terrorize its civilians, it wanted to use strategic bombing to disrupt the enemy and allow the ground army to use its lighting offense to gain a quick ground victory (Addington 1970). Essentially, the air force would bomb the enemy and the blitzkrieg would quickly follow in and obliterate the enemy. The Blitzkrieg tactic was developed by an army officer named Hans Guderian, He got the idea from three British military theorist named Fuller, Hart and Martel (Addington 1970). The ideas of those three British theorists sparked Guderian's curiosity and by 1929 he created his "armoured combat team" which consisted largely of only armoured vehicles. It was only in 1935 that the German army decided to allow Guridan to organize the first three Panzer divisions consisting of light tanks, howitzers and antitank guns (Addington 1970, p.35)
The war between Poland and Germany occurred when the German government desired to build a double tracked railroad and superhighway to East Prussia. Sadly, The Polish government declined to make such concessions (Addington 1970, p.61). In March 1939, the Germans once again asked Poland for permission and the Poles, once again, made it clear that they would not let themselves be bullied by the Nazis (Addington 1970, p.61). The relationship between Poland and Germany was quickly leading to a breaking point. Hitler's dispute with the Polish over the Danzig gave the Germans a reason for war. The first thing the Germans wanted to do was to estimate Poland's military capacity. The Polish military consisted of thirty infantry divisions, one cavalry division, and eleven cavalry brigades (Addington 1970, p.64). The polish had a poor military which consisted mostly of World War One equipment. They only had a few companies of tanks and their air force only contained about one thousand obsolete war planes which were poorly defended by a lack of antiaircraft weapons (Addington 1970, p.64). Also, a large problem for the Polish was that they were surrounded on three sides by Germany territory and the threat of a Russian invasion from the rear also played a role in the minds of the Polish military (Addington 1970, p.64). The German army had to defeat the Polish quickly because the quicker they invaded Poland the less time other countries had to act (Addington 1970, p.64). To achieve that, they would have to rely on the panzer divisions which were mobile and powerful. The Luftwaffe would also play a crucial role in invading Poland. The Luftwaffe would destroy the Polish air force which was poorly defended and they would also support the German armoured spearheads (Addington 1970, p.65).
The first Blitzkrieg of World War II began on September 1, 1939 [...] within the next two days the Polish air force was completely destroyed (Addington 1970, p.74). Once the Luftwaffe destroyed the Polish air base, The German air force was free to assist and support the panzer ground division. A turning point in the war was that the Polish military was not equipped to fight against German light tanks and therefore the German armoured division was able to ride through the Polish infantry and cavalry. On September 3rd the Germans encircled the remaining Polish at Grudziadz (Addington 1970, p.74). Sensing misery the Polish surrender. The German success is due to many factors. First of all the tactical suprise
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